BOWATER INCORPORATED
According to U.S. Department of Labor enforcement records, BOWATER INCORPORATED — a industry sector 00 facility located at 5020 HIGHWAY 11 SOUTH, CALHOUN, TN 37309 — was the subject of a formal OSHA inspection that resulted in 104 citation(s) and cumulative proposed penalties of $91,800.00. The inspection case was opened on 1988-10-25.
Federal investigators determined that one or more violations at this facility were committed willfully — meaning the employer either knowingly failed to comply with OSHA standards or acted with plain indifference to employee safety. Willful violations carry the highest penalty multipliers under the OSH Act.
Industry Benchmark: The total penalty of $91,800.00 is more than 76.8× the national average of $1,195.75 for facilities in the Other sector (NAICS 000000). This sector encompasses 1,316,687 inspected facilities nationwide with aggregate penalties totaling $1,574.4M.
State Context: Within TN, this facility's penalty places it at the 100th percentile among 40,481 inspected facilities. The statewide average penalty is $1,620.08.
Citation Analysis: The inspection produced 104 citations spanning 4 distinct OSHA regulatory standards. The citation breakdown includes: 2 other-than-serious — The violation has a direct relationship to job safety and health but is unlikely to cause death or serious physical harm. 12 serious — A workplace hazard that could cause death or serious physical harm exists, and the employer knew or should have known about the condition. 1 willful — The employer intentionally and knowingly committed the violation, demonstrating either an intentional disregard for the requirements of the OSH Act or plain indifference to employee safety and health.
Enforcement Timeline: Citations were issued beginning December 7, 1990 with the latest abatement deadline set for October 18, 1991. Of the 104 total citations, 4 (4%) have been marked as abated in DOL records, which may indicate ongoing compliance gaps requiring further regulatory attention.
Penalty Assessment: The cumulative penalty of $91,800.00 reflects OSHA's gravity-based penalty calculation methodology, which considers the severity of potential injury, the probability of occurrence, the employer's size, good faith, and violation history. The per-citation average of $882.69 falls within the standard penalty range.
The enforcement action against Bowater Incorporated in 1988 represents a massive systemic